Naupactus castaneus is similar to N. argentatus in size, body shape and vestiture (with ash-grey scales and short recumbent setae). It differentiates because the scales are oval and opaque; antennae are longer and more slender (funicular article 2º is more than twice as long as funicular article 1º, and funicular articles 3º to 6º are about 4x as long as wide); the flanks of the pronotum are divergent but curved and the base is strongly bisinuate. Corbels of hind tibiae are open as in N. argentatus.
Unknown.
Probably associated with vegetation typical of the Chacoan biogeographic province.