Disease relations: Nyssorhynchus darlingi is the main vector of South American malaria from Colombia and Honduras (Rubio-Palis & Zimmenrman, 1997) extending throughout the South American continent from the east of the Andes to the southern part of Brazil (Forattini, 2002).

Immature stages have been collected on the banks of the river dominated by submerged dense macrophytes. They are characterized by being clean water farms, with some depth, shaded and with floating or emergent vegetation and poor in salts and organic matter. It is a species with low tolerance to lack of moisture, therefore disappears when rainfall ceases (Forattini, 2002). That is why it is easy to find the species by breeding in the curves of rivers where water tends to accumulate. Nyssorhynchus darlingi larvae were collected in association with Anopheles argentinus larvae. The female is characterized by being endogenous and endophagous and its activity depends on the moisture content and the ambient temperature (Forattini, 2002). Like the other anophelines, it feeds preferably during twilight and at night.