Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823
Female of Culex quinquefasciatus (Photo: M. Laurito).
Geographic distribution
Distribution
Record
- Argentina
- Buenos Aires
- Catamarca
- Chaco
- Córdoba
- Corrientes
- Entre Ríos
- Formosa
- Jujuy
- La Pampa
- La Rioja
- Mendoza
- Misiones
- Neuquén
- Salta
- San Juan
- San Luis
- Santa Fe
- Santiago del Estero
- Tucumán
- Uruguay
Other distribution
Afghanistan, Angola, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, British Indian Ocean Territory, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands (Polynesia), Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire), Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, France, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gabon, Gambia, Greece, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Liberia, Madagascar (includes Glorioso & Juan De NovaIs), Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mariana Islands, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia (Wake Island), Montserrat, Mozambique, Myanmar (Burma), Nauru, Nauru, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea (Island); Papua New Guinea, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa (Ind. State of Samoa; American Samoa; Western Samoa), Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan and South Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United States; contiguous lower 48, United States; Hawaii, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Virgin Islands, Yemen, Zambia
- acer Walker
- aestuans Wiedemann
- aikenii Dyar and Knab
- albolineatus Giles
- anxifer Bigot
- aseyehae Dyar and Knab
- autumnalis Weyenbergh
- barbarus Dyar and Knab
- cartroni Ventrillon
- christophersii Theobald
- cingulatus Doleschall
- cubensis Bigot
- didieri Neveu-Lemaire
- doleschallii Giles
- fatigans Wiedemann
- fouchowensis Theobald
- fuscus Taylor
- goughii Theobald
- hensemaeon Dyar
- lachrimans Dyar and Knab
- luteoannulatus Theobald
- macleayi Skuse
- minor Theobald
- nigrirostris Enderlein
- pallidocephala Theobald
- penafieli Sanchez
- pungens Wiedemann
- pygmaeus Neveu-Lemaire
- quasilinealis Theobald
- quasipipiens Theobald
- raymondii Tamayo
- reesi Theobald
- revocator Dyar and Knab
- sericeus Theobald
- serotinus Philippi
- skusii Giles
- stoehri Theobald
- townsvillensis Taylor
- trilineatus Theobald
- zeltneri Neveu-Lemaire
Studies referring to Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus are included in the reference list.
Hybryds between Culex pipiens and Culex quinquefasciatus have been molecularly detected in Neuquén Province (Cardo et al. 2024).
Disease relations: is the vector of the Saint Louis Encephalitis virus in Argentina (Diaz, 2009) and United States (Reisen, 2003); from pools of the species, the Oropuche virus was isolated in Brazil (Pinheiro et al., 1981) and is responsible for the vertical transmission of the Japanese encephalitis virus in Australia (Lourenço de Oliveira & Da Silva, 1985; Johansen et al., 2001). The species is the primary vector of West Nile virus (WNV) in the United States (Kramer et al., 2007) and strains from temperate Argentina were competent but only moderately efficient vectors for WNV in laboratory conditions (Micieli et al., 2013). Culex quinquefasciatus was able to harbor the Mayaro virus after experimental parenteral infection (Muñoz & Navarro, 2012). The natural infection of specimens of Aedes albopictus was reported in Colombia (Pérez-Pérez et al., 2017). Experimental studies have shown Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes were refractory to the Western Equine Encephalitis virus (Avilés et aI., 1990).
Hybryds between Culex pipiens and Culex quinquefasciatus have been molecularly detected in Neuquén Province (Cardo et al. 2024).
Disease relations: is the vector of the Saint Louis Encephalitis virus in Argentina (Diaz, 2009) and United States (Reisen, 2003); from pools of the species, the Oropuche virus was isolated in Brazil (Pinheiro et al., 1981) and is responsible for the vertical transmission of the Japanese encephalitis virus in Australia (Lourenço de Oliveira & Da Silva, 1985; Johansen et al., 2001). The species is the primary vector of West Nile virus (WNV) in the United States (Kramer et al., 2007) and strains from temperate Argentina were competent but only moderately efficient vectors for WNV in laboratory conditions (Micieli et al., 2013). Culex quinquefasciatus was able to harbor the Mayaro virus after experimental parenteral infection (Muñoz & Navarro, 2012). The natural infection of specimens of Aedes albopictus was reported in Colombia (Pérez-Pérez et al., 2017). Experimental studies have shown Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes were refractory to the Western Equine Encephalitis virus (Avilés et aI., 1990).
Larvae can be found in different bodies of water, natural or artificial, containing a high degree of organic pollution and close to human habitation. Among natural breeding sites, terrain depression, puddles near rivers and streams, and epiphytic bromeliads can be mentioned and cattle troughs and small containers, among artificials. Females readily enter houses at night and remain during unfavorable periods in abandoned places to shelter. Females were collected with CDC light traps with white- and UV-light placed in forested and anthropic environments, respectively. They bite man in preference to other mammals.
- DURET, J. P. 1951a. Contribución al conocimiento de la distribución geográfica de los culicidos argentinos (Diptera-Culicidae). Parte II. Revista de la Sanidad Militar Argentina 50: 64-72.
- DURET, J. P. 1953b. Notas sobre Culex argentinos. (Diptera-Culicidae). Revista de la Sanidad Militar Argentina 52 (2): 272-278.
- PROSEN, A. F., MARTÍNEZ, A., CARCAVALLO, R. U. 1960. La familia Culicidae (Diptera) en la ribera fluvial de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Anales del Instituto de Medicina Regional, Resistencia 5 (2):101-113.
- GARCÍA, M., CASAL, O. H. 1965. Culicidae (Diptera) del Delta del Paraná II. Apuntes sistemáticos y biológicos. Delta Paraná 5 (8): 5-16.
- BIANCHINI, N., BIANCHINI, J. P., ASTEGIANO, M. 1965 (1967). Especies de mosquitos de la provincia de Córdoba (Diptera, Culicidae). Segundas Jornadas Entomoepidemiológicas Argentinas 2: 191-194.
- BELKIN, J. N., SCHICK, R. X., HEINEMANN, S. 1968. Mosquito studies (Diptera, Culicidae). XI. Mosquitoes originally described from Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay. Contribution of the American Entomological Institute 4 (1): 9-29.
- BELKIN, J. N., HEINEMANN, S. J., PAGE, W. A. 1970. Mosquito studies (Diptera, Culicidae) XXI. The Culicidae of Jamaica. Contribution of the American Entomological Institute 6 (1): 1-458.
- MITCHELL, C. J., MONATH, T. P., SABATTINI, M. S. 1980. Transmission of St. Louis encephalitis virus from Argentina by mosquitoes of the Culex pipiene (Diptera: Culicidae) complex. Journal of Medical Entomology 17 (3): 282-285.
- PINHEIRO, F. P., TRAVASSOS DA ROSA, A. P. A., ISHAK, R., FREITAS, R. B., GOMES, M. L. C., LEDUC, J. W., OLIVA, O. F. P. 1981. Oropouche virus. 1. A review of clinical, epidemiological, and ecological findings. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 30: 149–160.
- MITCHELL, C. J., DARSIE, R. F. JR. 1985. Mosquitoes of Argentina. Part II. Geographic distribution and bibliography (Diptera, Culicidae). Mosquito Systematics 17 (4): 279-362.
- MITCHELL, C. J., MONATH, P., SABATTINI, M. S., CROPP, T. B., DAFFNER, J. F., CALISHER, C. H., JAKOB, W. L., CHRISTENSEN, H. A. 1985b. Arbovirus investigations in Argentina, 1977-1980 II. Arthropod collections and virus isolations from argentine mosquitoes. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 34 (5): 945-955.
- BREWER, M., BUFFA, L., ALMIRÓN, W. 1986. Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus y Culex pipiens pipiens (Dipt.: Culicidae) en Córdoba, Argentina. Revista Peruana de Entomología 29: 69-72.
- BREWER, M., BUFFA, L., ALMIRÓN, W. 1987. Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 y Culex pipiens pipiens L., 1758 (Diptera, Culicidae) en Córdoba, Argentina. Revista Peruana de Entomología 29: 69-72.
- AVILÉS, G., SABATTINI, M. S., MITCHELL, C. J. 1990. Peroral susceptibility of Aedes albifasciatus and Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from Argentina to Westem Equine Encephalitis virus. Revista de Saúde Pública. 24: 265-269.
- ALMIRÓN, W. R., HUMERES, S. G., GARDENAL, C. N. 1995. Distribution and hybridization between Culex pipiens and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Argentina. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 90 (4): 469-473.
- ALMIRÓN, W. R., BREWER, M. E. 1996. Winter biology of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say, (Diptera: Culicidae) from Córdoba, Argentina. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 91 (5): 649-654.
- CAMPOS, R. E., MACIÁ, A. 1998. Culicidae. Cap. 28. En Morrone, J. J. & Coscarón, S. (Eds.) Biodiversidad de Artrópodos Argentinos: Una pespectiva biotaxonómica. (pp. 291-303). La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina: Ediciones Sur.
- HUMERES, S. G., ALMIRÓN, W. R., SABATTINI, M. S., GARDENAL, C. N. 1998. Estimation of genetic divergence and gene flow between Culex pipiens and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Argentina. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 93 (1): 57-62.
- REISEN, W. 2003. Epidemiology of St. Louis encephalitis virus. Advances in Virus Research 61:139–183.
- ALMIRÓN, W. R., DÍAZ, L. A., SPINSANTI, L. I., RE, V., VISINTIN, A., FARIAS, A., CONTIGIANI, M. 2006. Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus y su relación con la encefalitis de San Luis en Córdoba, Argentina. Revista Argentina de Zoonosis. 3(1): 24-27.
- DÍAZ, L. A., RÉ, V., ALMIRÓN, W. R., FARÍAS, A., VÁZQUEZ, A., PAZ SANCHEZ-SECO, M., AGUILAR, J., SPINSANTI, L., KONIGHEIM, B., VISINTIN, A., GARCÍA, J., MORALES, M. A., TENORIO, A., CONTIGIANI, M. 2006. Genotype III Saint Louis encephalitis virus outbreak, Argentina, 2005. Emerging Infectious Diseases 12 (11): 1752-1754.
- GLEISER, R. M., ZYGADLO, J. A. 2007. Insecticidal properties of essential oils from Lippia turbinata and Lippia polystachya (Verbenaceae) against Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitology Research 101: 1349–1354
- KRAMER, L. D., STYER, L. M., EBEL, G. D. 2007. A global perspective on the epidemiology of West Nile virus. Annual Review of Entomology. 53: 61–81.
- KEMBRO, J. M., MARIN, R. H., ZYGADLO, J. A., GLEISER, R. M. 2009. Effects of the essential oils of Lippia turbinata and Lippia polystachya (Verbenaceae) on the temporal pattern of locomotion of the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae. Parasitology Research 104 (5):1119-1127.
- ANTUNES DE MORAIS, S., MORATORE, C., SUESDEK, L., TOLEDO MARRELLI, M. 2010. Genetic-morphometric variation in Culex quinquefasciatus from Brazil and La Plata, Argentina. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 105 (5): 672-676.
- FLORES, S., DÍAZ, L. A., BATALLÁN, G., CONTIGIANI, M., ALMIRÓN, W. R. 2010. Vertical transmission of St. Louis encephalitis virus in Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Córdoba, Argentina. Vector Borne and Zoonotic Disease 10: 999-1002.
- MUÑOZ, M., NAVARRO, J. C. 2012. Virus Mayaro: un arbovirus reemergente en Venezuela y Latinoamérica. Biomédica. 32: 286-302.
- GRECH, M., SARTOR, P., ESTALLO, E., LUDUEÑA ALMEIDA, F., ALMIRÓN, W. 2013. Characterisation of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) larval habitats at ground level and temporal fluctuations of larval abundance in Córdoba, Argentina. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 108: 772-777.
- KEMBRO, J. M, FLESIA, A. G., GLEISER, R. M., PERILLO, M. A., MARÍN, R. H. 2013. Assessment of long-range correlation in animal behavior time series: the temporal pattern of locomotor activity of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix) and mosquito larva (Culex quinquefasciatus). Physica A. Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 392: 6400-6413 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2013.08.017.
- MICIELI, M. V., MATACCHIERO, A. C., MUTTIS, E., FONSECA, D. M., ALIOTA, M. T., KRAMER, L. D. 2013. Vector competence of Argentine mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) for West Nile virus (Flaviviridae: Flavivirus). Journal of Medical Entomology 50 (4): 853-862.
- STEIN, M., DANTUR JURI, M. J., ORIA, G. I., RAMIREZ, P. G. 2013. Aechmea distichantha (Bromeliaceae) epiphytes, potential new habitat for Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) collected in the province of Tucumán, northwestern Argentina. Florida Entomologist 96 (3): 1202-1206.
- STEIN, M., DANTUR JURI, M. J., ORIA, G. I., RAMIREZ, P. G. 2013. Aechmea distichantha (Bromeliaceae) epiphytes, potential new habitat for Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) collected in the province of Tucumán, northwestern Argentina. Florida Entomologist 96 (3): 1202-1206.
- MICIELI, M. V., GLASER, R. L. 2014. Somatic Wolbachia Levels in Culex quinquefasciatus Say and Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) and Resistance to West Nile Virus Infection. Journal of Medical Entomology 51:189-199.
- GRECH, M. G., SARTOR, P. D., ALMIRÓN, W. R., LUDUEŃA ALMEIDA, F. F. 2015. Effect of temperature on life history traits during immature development of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera:Culicidae) from Córdoba city, Argentina. Acta Tropica 146: 1-6.
- ROSSI, G. C. 2015. Annotated checklist, distribution, and taxonomic bibliography of the mosquitoes (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae) of Argentina. Check List 11 (4): 1712.
- CARDO, M. V., RUBIO, A., JUNGES, M., VEZZANI, D., CARBAJO, A. E. 2016. Distribution of the members of the Pipiens Assemblage in the sympatric area from Argentina: which is where and when? Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 111 (11): 676-685.
- PÉREZ-PÉREZ, J., ROJO, R., HENAO, E., GARCÍA-HUERTAS, P., ZULUAGA, S., TRIANA-CHAVEZ, O., ET AL. 2017. Natural infection of Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus with Zika virus in Medellin, Colombia. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz doi: 10.1590/0074-02760170521.
- ULVEDAL C., BERTOLOTTI, M. A., CAGNOLO, S., ALMIRÓN, W. R. 2017. Ensayos de sensibilidad de larvas de Aedes aegypti y Culex quinquefasciatus frente al nematodo Heterorhabditis bacteriofora en condiciones de laboratorio. Biomedica. 37(Supl. 2): 67-76.
- VEGGIANI AYBAR, C. A., ROSSI, G. C. 2017. Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of the meridional patch of the subtropical mountainous rainforest of Argentina: Update fauna and geographical distribution. Check List 13(2): 2102- doi: https://doi.org/10.15560/13.2.2102
- CARDO, M. V., RUBIO, A., JUNGES, M. T., VEZZANI, D., CARBAJO, A. E. 2018. Heterogeneous distribution of Culex pipiens, Culex quinquefasciatus and their hybrids along the urbanisation gradient. Acta Tropica, 178: 229-235.
- CARDO, M. V., RUBIO, A., CARBAJO, A. E., VEZZANI, D. 2024. Exploring the range of Culex mosquitoes in Western Argentinean Patagonia, unveiling the presence of Culex pipiens bioform pipiens in South America. Parasitology Research 123:151.123:151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-024-08166-5
